4th CDM project of Mehr renewable Enegies Co, "Fuel Switching of Amir Kabir Sugarcane Plant" get registered on 11 July 2011.
Following to successful registration of three identical projects, "Fuel switching of Salman Farsi sugarcane plant", "Fuel switching of Imam Khomeini sugarcane plant" and "Fuel switching of Debal khazaei sugarcane plant" in June, registration of forth project increased the total number of registered projects of Iran to 5!
Sunday, July 17, 2011
Friday, February 4, 2011
Second CDM project of Iran
Second CDM project of Iran is in registration process. The project "Fuel Switching of Amir Kabir Sugarcane Plant" (EB ref. no. 4318) is in final steps of registration by EB. Mehr Renewable Energies is the project developer. This project uses AMS.III-B Ver. 14 for fuel switching from heavy oil to natural gas in the sugarcane plant of Amir Kabir Agro Industry company. The project will aim to annual emission reduction of ~50ktCO2e.
Iranian DNA changed
Dr. Shaeri is appointed as Iranian DNA last month. Dr. Noorian was former head of DNA. To reach Iranian DNA, please proceed www.climate-change.ir or NCCO_CDM@environment.ir
Sunday, July 5, 2009
What is CDM?
What is Clean Development Mechanism?
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of three emission trading mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol allowing industrialized countries with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment (called Annex B countries) to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries. The CDM is the only Kyoto Mechanism that permits a transfer of credits from developing countries not bound by the Kyoto Protocol to governments seeking to meet Kyoto obligations and it is the only mechanism that can be implemented for credit immediately.
The Clean Development Mechanism has three goals:
• To assist in the achievement of sustainable development in developing countries that support initiatives to slow climate change
• To contribute toward meeting the overall emission reduction targets outlined in the Kyoto Protocol
• To help industrialized countries meet their emissions reduction targets.
At the same time, it allows developing countries to become fully engaged in climate change initiatives and to benefit from new investments and new clean technologies.
The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) and is under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Climate Change and Global Warming
Scientists around the world agree that our climate is getting warmer. In the last hundred years the world's mean surface temperature has risen about 0.5°C. Most scientists believe that the global warming has been caused by human activities and is not just a naturally fluctuating temperature change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that mean atmospheric temperatures will rise a further 1.0°C to 3.5°C by 2100. These temperature changes would be uneven throughout the world. Global warming could also lead to broader climate change patterns, including increasingly erratic and severe weather patterns such as floods, droughts, ice storms and hurricanes. These conditions and overall warmer temperatures will threaten the survival of natural forests and hinder agricultural productivity.
Greenhouse Gases and it’s Sources
Heat from the sun enters the earth's atmosphere and is either absorbed by the land and oceans or reflected back into space. Our atmosphere is comprised of naturally occurring gases, such as water vapour (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxides (N0x), and methane (CH4)
The origin of these GHGs as follows:
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Origin
CO2 Combustion of fossil fuels, linked to transport and the production of electricity or heat; certain industrial processes, and lastly from tropical deforestation.
N2O Agriculture, the chemical industry and combustion activities.
CH4
SF6
HFCs
PFCs Agriculture, oil and gas activities, and waste management activities.
Certain specific industrial processes (manufacturing of aluminum or magnesium, the semi-conductor industry), and from aerosols, air conditioning and insulating foam.
Scientists believe that human activities such as urbanization, deforestation, agricultural practices, release of synthetic gases and emissions from burning fossil fuels have all combined to alter the chemical make-up of our atmosphere. Human activities have released significant quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, dramatically enhancing its ability to trap heat and cause the global atmospheric temperature to rise.
While most greenhouse gases are naturally occurring, they have been released into the atmosphere in increased concentrations by burning fossil fuels that provide 85% of the world's energy for transportation, manufacturing and heating. With the world population expected to rise from its current 6 billion people to more than 10 billion by 2060 and with more than 75% of the world population located in urban centers, energy requirements may triple by 2050. Currently, industrialized nations account for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions by 2010, the energy consumption of developing nations will increase to 40% of global consumption.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Most nations of the world have become increasingly concerned about rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. To address this problem, 150 nations from around the world signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. This included a voluntary and legally non-binding commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2000.
In 1995, the parties to the UNFCCC met at the first Conference of the Parties (COP-1) in Berlin. At this meeting, the parties agreed to negotiate a protocol to establish legally binding limits or reductions in greenhouse gas emissions for industrialized countries, otherwise known as Annex I or Annex B countries. These negotiations took place in Kyoto, Japan on December 1-11, 1997 at the third Conference of Parties (COP-3) negotiating session. These negotiations resulted in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The Size of the CDM Market
The value of the CDM market will depend on the commodity prices for CERs, the cost of implementing CDM projects and the cost of transactions. Scarcity and the proximity in time of a project to compliance deadlines will also influence the value of the CDM market. CDM will be of most interest to businesses seeking to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. Oil and gas, pipeline, mining, utilities, plastics manufacturers, pulp and paper, chemical, transportation, and energy companies are among those who may benefit through direct participation in CDM projects. Others with an interest include financial institutions, insurance companies, non-governmental organizations, facilitating agencies, private sector brokers, certification bodies and companies or organizations that can provide technological assessments and verification of emissions reductions.
The Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.
The Kyoto Protocol committed the world's industrialized nations to reductions in emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The Protocol has a goal of reducing worldwide, overall emissions of GHG to at least 5.2% below 1990 levels for the greenhouse gases and below 1995 levels for the synthetic gases between 2008 and 2012.
Kyoto Protocol builds upon under the Convention
• Each Annex I countries must undertake domestic policies and measures to reduce GHG emissions and to enhance removals by sinks.
• In implementing policies and measures, each Annex I country must strive to minimize any adverse impact of these policies and measures on developing countries.
• Annex I countries must provide additional financial resources to advance the implementation of commitments by developing countries.
Annex I and non-Annex I countries must cooperate in the areas of the development and application of climate friendly technologies, research and systematic observation of the climate change, development on education, training and pubic awareness of climate change, improvement of the methodologies and data for greenhouse gas inventories.
The Kyoto Mechanism
The Kyoto Protocol allows Annex I Parties to change the level of their allowed emissions over the commitment period, by trading Kyoto Protocol units with other Parties. This trading is carried out through the so-called Kyoto mechanisms:
• Emissions trading
The emissions trading scheme (ETS) of the European Union is one example of a regional trading system, operating under the Kyoto Protocol umbrella. Under emissions trading, an Annex I Party may transfer Kyoto Protocol units to or acquire units from another Annex I Party;
• Joint implementation (JI)
Joint implementation (JI) is a mechanism by which one Annex I Party can invest in a project that reduces emissions and receive credit for the emission reductions or removals achieved through that project. The unit associated with JI is called an emission reduction unit (ERU). There are two approaches for verification of emission reductions under JI, commonly called ‘track one’ and ‘track two’;
• Clean development mechanism (CDM)
The clean development mechanism is also a project-based mechanism by which emission credits from the CDM are generated from projects in non-Annex I Parties. CDM projects must meet detailed requirements and follow exact procedures for registration validation and verification by designated operational entities, and crediting to demonstrate that reductions or removals associated with the project are additional to what would otherwise occur in the absence of the project. The CDM Executive Board supervises the CDM, under the authority and guidance of the COP/MOP. The Executive Board is responsible for approving methodologies for project baselines and for monitoring and calculating emission reductions. It is also responsible for accreditation of designated operational entities and for accreditation procedures. The emission reductions or removals resulting from a CDM project must be calculated and monitored according to specific methodologies, including for
project baselines.
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is one of three emission trading mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol allowing industrialized countries with a greenhouse gas reduction commitment (called Annex B countries) to invest in projects that reduce emissions in developing countries. The CDM is the only Kyoto Mechanism that permits a transfer of credits from developing countries not bound by the Kyoto Protocol to governments seeking to meet Kyoto obligations and it is the only mechanism that can be implemented for credit immediately.
The Clean Development Mechanism has three goals:
• To assist in the achievement of sustainable development in developing countries that support initiatives to slow climate change
• To contribute toward meeting the overall emission reduction targets outlined in the Kyoto Protocol
• To help industrialized countries meet their emissions reduction targets.
At the same time, it allows developing countries to become fully engaged in climate change initiatives and to benefit from new investments and new clean technologies.
The CDM is supervised by the CDM Executive Board (CDM EB) and is under the guidance of the Conference of the Parties (COP/MOP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
Climate Change and Global Warming
Scientists around the world agree that our climate is getting warmer. In the last hundred years the world's mean surface temperature has risen about 0.5°C. Most scientists believe that the global warming has been caused by human activities and is not just a naturally fluctuating temperature change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts that mean atmospheric temperatures will rise a further 1.0°C to 3.5°C by 2100. These temperature changes would be uneven throughout the world. Global warming could also lead to broader climate change patterns, including increasingly erratic and severe weather patterns such as floods, droughts, ice storms and hurricanes. These conditions and overall warmer temperatures will threaten the survival of natural forests and hinder agricultural productivity.
Greenhouse Gases and it’s Sources
Heat from the sun enters the earth's atmosphere and is either absorbed by the land and oceans or reflected back into space. Our atmosphere is comprised of naturally occurring gases, such as water vapour (H20), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxides (N0x), and methane (CH4)
The origin of these GHGs as follows:
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Origin
CO2 Combustion of fossil fuels, linked to transport and the production of electricity or heat; certain industrial processes, and lastly from tropical deforestation.
N2O Agriculture, the chemical industry and combustion activities.
CH4
SF6
HFCs
PFCs Agriculture, oil and gas activities, and waste management activities.
Certain specific industrial processes (manufacturing of aluminum or magnesium, the semi-conductor industry), and from aerosols, air conditioning and insulating foam.
Scientists believe that human activities such as urbanization, deforestation, agricultural practices, release of synthetic gases and emissions from burning fossil fuels have all combined to alter the chemical make-up of our atmosphere. Human activities have released significant quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, dramatically enhancing its ability to trap heat and cause the global atmospheric temperature to rise.
While most greenhouse gases are naturally occurring, they have been released into the atmosphere in increased concentrations by burning fossil fuels that provide 85% of the world's energy for transportation, manufacturing and heating. With the world population expected to rise from its current 6 billion people to more than 10 billion by 2060 and with more than 75% of the world population located in urban centers, energy requirements may triple by 2050. Currently, industrialized nations account for the majority of greenhouse gas emissions by 2010, the energy consumption of developing nations will increase to 40% of global consumption.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Most nations of the world have become increasingly concerned about rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. To address this problem, 150 nations from around the world signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. This included a voluntary and legally non-binding commitment to cut greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2000.
In 1995, the parties to the UNFCCC met at the first Conference of the Parties (COP-1) in Berlin. At this meeting, the parties agreed to negotiate a protocol to establish legally binding limits or reductions in greenhouse gas emissions for industrialized countries, otherwise known as Annex I or Annex B countries. These negotiations took place in Kyoto, Japan on December 1-11, 1997 at the third Conference of Parties (COP-3) negotiating session. These negotiations resulted in the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The Size of the CDM Market
The value of the CDM market will depend on the commodity prices for CERs, the cost of implementing CDM projects and the cost of transactions. Scarcity and the proximity in time of a project to compliance deadlines will also influence the value of the CDM market. CDM will be of most interest to businesses seeking to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. Oil and gas, pipeline, mining, utilities, plastics manufacturers, pulp and paper, chemical, transportation, and energy companies are among those who may benefit through direct participation in CDM projects. Others with an interest include financial institutions, insurance companies, non-governmental organizations, facilitating agencies, private sector brokers, certification bodies and companies or organizations that can provide technological assessments and verification of emissions reductions.
The Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005.
The Kyoto Protocol committed the world's industrialized nations to reductions in emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). The Protocol has a goal of reducing worldwide, overall emissions of GHG to at least 5.2% below 1990 levels for the greenhouse gases and below 1995 levels for the synthetic gases between 2008 and 2012.
Kyoto Protocol builds upon under the Convention
• Each Annex I countries must undertake domestic policies and measures to reduce GHG emissions and to enhance removals by sinks.
• In implementing policies and measures, each Annex I country must strive to minimize any adverse impact of these policies and measures on developing countries.
• Annex I countries must provide additional financial resources to advance the implementation of commitments by developing countries.
Annex I and non-Annex I countries must cooperate in the areas of the development and application of climate friendly technologies, research and systematic observation of the climate change, development on education, training and pubic awareness of climate change, improvement of the methodologies and data for greenhouse gas inventories.
The Kyoto Mechanism
The Kyoto Protocol allows Annex I Parties to change the level of their allowed emissions over the commitment period, by trading Kyoto Protocol units with other Parties. This trading is carried out through the so-called Kyoto mechanisms:
• Emissions trading
The emissions trading scheme (ETS) of the European Union is one example of a regional trading system, operating under the Kyoto Protocol umbrella. Under emissions trading, an Annex I Party may transfer Kyoto Protocol units to or acquire units from another Annex I Party;
• Joint implementation (JI)
Joint implementation (JI) is a mechanism by which one Annex I Party can invest in a project that reduces emissions and receive credit for the emission reductions or removals achieved through that project. The unit associated with JI is called an emission reduction unit (ERU). There are two approaches for verification of emission reductions under JI, commonly called ‘track one’ and ‘track two’;
• Clean development mechanism (CDM)
The clean development mechanism is also a project-based mechanism by which emission credits from the CDM are generated from projects in non-Annex I Parties. CDM projects must meet detailed requirements and follow exact procedures for registration validation and verification by designated operational entities, and crediting to demonstrate that reductions or removals associated with the project are additional to what would otherwise occur in the absence of the project. The CDM Executive Board supervises the CDM, under the authority and guidance of the COP/MOP. The Executive Board is responsible for approving methodologies for project baselines and for monitoring and calculating emission reductions. It is also responsible for accreditation of designated operational entities and for accreditation procedures. The emission reductions or removals resulting from a CDM project must be calculated and monitored according to specific methodologies, including for
project baselines.
CDM Opportunities in Iran
Iran with over 500million tonnes of annual CO2 emissions plus other GHGs, has great opportunities in using CDM to lower GHG emission and can play an important role in achiving the targets of Kyoto Protocol.
Recent studies shows excellent possibilities in Oil filds, Gas refineries and Petrochemical plants especially in Gas Flaring. Also there is hudge potencials is energy sector, for Hydro projects, Wind farms, supply side, distribution network, and demand side.
Potentials in Landfills, waste processing, coal mines and so on are still thirty for CDM.
Industrial sector which currently use subsidized energy, has great opportunities for energy efficiency and energy recovery projects.
Meanwhile because of some reasons, the CDM activities in Iran in past years were very slow and it shall be facilitated.
Recent studies shows excellent possibilities in Oil filds, Gas refineries and Petrochemical plants especially in Gas Flaring. Also there is hudge potencials is energy sector, for Hydro projects, Wind farms, supply side, distribution network, and demand side.
Potentials in Landfills, waste processing, coal mines and so on are still thirty for CDM.
Industrial sector which currently use subsidized energy, has great opportunities for energy efficiency and energy recovery projects.
Meanwhile because of some reasons, the CDM activities in Iran in past years were very slow and it shall be facilitated.
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